OPEN ACCESS
Advertisement
Advertisement
References
1. GBD 2016 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1260-1344.
2. Yang IA, Brown JL, George J, et al. COPD-X Australian and New Zealand guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2017 update. Med J Aust 2017; 207: 436-442.
3. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GOLD; 2018. Available online at: http://goldcopd.org (accessed September 2018).
4. Agusti A, Celli B, Faner R. What does endotyping mean for treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Lancet 2017; 390: 980-987.
5. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. TSANZ Statement. Mod Med Aust 1995; 38(7): 132-146.
6. McKenzie DK, Frith PA, Burdon JG, Town GI; Australian Lung Foundation; Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. The COPDX plan: Australian and New Zealand guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2003. Med J Aust 2003; 178 Suppl: S7-S39.
7. National Asthma Council Australia. Australian asthma handbook, version 1.3. Melbourne: National Asthma Council Australia; 2017. Available online at: www.asthmahandbook.org.au (accessed September 2018).
8. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. GINA; 2018. Available online at: www.ginasthma.org (accessed September 2018).
9. Yang IA, Clarke MS, Sim EH, Fong KM. Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (7): CD002991.
10. Brode SK, Campitelli MA, Kwong JC, et al. The risk of mycobacterial infections associated with inhaled corticosteroid use. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: pii: 1700037.
11. Suissa S, Kezouh A, Ernst P. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risks of diabetes onset and progression. Am J Med 2010; 123: 1001-1006.
12. Ernst P, Gonzalez AV, Brassard P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 162-166.
13. Loke YK, Cavallazzi R, Singh S. Risk of fractures with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Thorax 2011; 66: 699-708.
14. Finney L, Berry M, Singanayagam A, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet Resp Med 2014; 2: 919-932.
15. Shaaban H, Daniel S, Sison R, Slim J, Perez G. Eosinopenia: is it a good marker of sepsis in comparison to procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels for patients admitted to a critical care unit in an urban hospital? J Crit Care 2010; 25: 570-575.
16. Holland M, Alkhalil M, Chandromouli S, Janjua A, Babores M. Eosinopenia as a marker of mortality and length of stay in patients admitted with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2010; 15: 165-167.
17. Watz H, Tetzlaff K, Wouters EF, et al. Blood eosinophil count and exacerbations in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids: a post-hoc analysis of the WISDOM trial. Lancet Resp Med 2016; 4: 390-398.
18. Beghe B, Verduri A, Roca M, Fabbri LM. Exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in COPD patients may not be exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 993-995.
19. Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1128-1138.
20. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 449-456.
21. Jones PW, Willits LR, Burge PS, Calverley PM. Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 68-73.
22. Martinez FJ, Vestbo J, Anderson JA, et al. Effect of fluticasone furoate and vilanterol on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with moderate airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195: 881-888.
23. Vestbo J, Leather D, Diar Bakerly N, et al. Effectiveness of fluticasone furoate-vilanterol for COPD in clinical practice. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1253-1260.
24. Kew KM, Dias S, Cates CJ. Long-acting inhaled therapy (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (3): CD010844.
25. Stolz D, Hirsch HH, Schilter D, et al. Intensified therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists at the onset of upper respiratory tract infection to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197: 1136-1146.
26. Bafadhel M, Peterson S, De Blas MA, et al. Predictors of exacerbation risk and response to budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a post-hoc analysis of three randomised trials. Lancet Resp Med 2018; 6: 117-126.
27. Yang IA, Dabscheck E, George J, et al. The COPD-X plan: Australian and New Zealand guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018. Brisbane: Lung Foundation Australia; 2018. Available online at: www.copdx.org.au (accessed September 2018).
28. Primary Care Respiratory Society UK (PCRS). Evaluation of appropriateness of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in COPD and guidance on ICS withdrawal. Solihull, UK: PCRS; 2018. Available online at: www.pcrs-uk.org/sites/pcrs-uk.org/files/SteppingDownICS_FINAL4.pdf (accessed September 2018).
29. Brusselle G, Price D, Gruffydd-Jones K, et al. The inevitable drift to triple therapy in COPD: an analysis of prescribing pathways in the UK. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10: 2207-2217.
30. Magnussen H, Disse B, Rodriguez-Roisin R, et al. Withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids and exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1285-1294.
31. Chapman KR, Hurst JR, Frent SM, et al. Long-term triple therapy de-escalation to indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SUNSET): a randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198: 329-339.
32. Vogelmeier CF, Gaga M, Aalamian-Mattheis M, et al; CRYSTAL study investigators. Efficacy and safety of direct switch to indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with moderate COPD: the CRYSTAL open-label randomised trial. Respir Res 2017; 18: 140.
33. Frith PA, Ashmawi S, Krishnamurthy S, et al; FLASH Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the direct switch to indacaterol/glycopyrronium from salmeterol/fluticasone in non-frequently exacerbating COPD patients: the FLASH randomized controlled trial. Respirology 2018 Aug 3. doi: 10.1111/resp.13374. [Epub ahead of print].
